Zoning is how local government regulates the development of land within its boundaries. The name refers to the creation of different areas, or zones, that each have rules about how land can be used within each one. Zoning regulations can help a community achieve valuable goals, such as a balance of housing choices, adequate and accessible goods and services, safe buildings and public spaces, and sufficient roads and utilities. Zoning also tries limit negative impacts to the environment, separate incompatible uses and protect property values, among other community goals.

A community defines its goals in a master land use plan that anticipates what will be needed to be encouraged, managed or prohibited in the future. The zoning regulations are created based on the community’s master plan. Zoning rules from one community may not work in another community, because each community has different goals.

A zoning ordinance has two parts: a text and a map. The text provides the rules and regulations about allowable land uses, the size and shape of buildings, as well as other standards for development. It also describes how the municipality will ensure the rules are being followed. The map shows the location of the zoning districts established in the zoning text.